ssh steve@stapp02
The authenticity of host ‘stapp02 (172.16.238.11)’ can’t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:SySamszyWhhLGFiybhGBqfrr8g55wS/3e37ZpBOvICs.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:6d:31:18:2a:f9:07:f3:29:dd:0a:d3:1f:6e:04:0a:db.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘stapp02,172.16.238.11’ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
steve@stapp02’s password:
[steve@stapp02 ~]$ sudo su
We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
#1) Respect the privacy of others.
#2) Think before you type.
#3) With great power comes great responsibility.
[sudo] password for steve:
Sorry, try again.
[sudo] password for steve:
[root@stapp02 steve]# cd /var
[root@stapp02 var]# cd www
[root@stapp02 www]# cd html
[root@stapp02 html]# mkdir data
[root@stapp02 html]# pwd
/var/www/html
[root@stapp02 html]# htpasswd -c /etc/httpd/.htpasswd kirsty
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user kirsty
[root@stapp02 html]# cat /etc/httpd/.htpasswd
kirsty:$apr1$3vM2gt30$.CbSNKWHy0sVhU8ULVR3c.
[root@stapp02 html]# cd /var/www/html/data
[root@stapp02 data]# pwd
/var/www/html/data
[root@stapp02 data]# vi .htaccess
[root@stapp02 data]# cat .htaccess
AuthType Basic
AuthName “Restricted Content”
AuthUserFile /etc/httpd/.htpasswd
Require valid-user
[root@stapp02 data]# cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the
configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
In particular, see
for a discussion of each configuration directive.
Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
what they do. They’re here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure
consult the online docs. You have been warned.
Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
of the server’s control files begin with “/” (or “drive:/” for Win32), the
server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do not begin
with “/”, the value of ServerRoot is prepended – so ‘log/access_log’
with ServerRoot set to ‘/www’ will be interpreted by the
server as ‘/www/log/access_log’, where as ‘/log/access_log’ will be
interpreted as ‘/log/access_log’.
ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server’s
configuration, error, and log files are kept.
Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point
ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the
Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used. If you wish to share the
same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at
least PidFile.
ServerRoot “/etc/httpd”
Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
ports, instead of the default. See also the
directive.
Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 8080
Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
have to place corresponding `LoadModule’ lines at this location so the
directives contained in it are actually available before they are used.
Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l’) do not need
to be loaded here.
Example:
LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf
If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
httpd as root initially and it will switch.
User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
running httpd, as with most system services.
User apache
Group apache
‘Main’ server configuration
The directives in this section set up the values used by the ‘main’
server, which responds to any requests that aren’t handled by a
definition. These values also provide defaults for
any containers you may define later in the file.
All of these directives may appear inside containers,
in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
virtual host being defined.
ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
ServerAdmin root@localhost
ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
If your host doesn’t have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#ServerName www.example.com:80
Deny access to the entirety of your server’s filesystem. You must
explicitly permit access to web content directories in other
blocks below.
AllowOverride none
Require all denied
Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
particular features to be enabled - so if something’s not working as
you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
below.
DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
DocumentRoot “/var/www/html”
Relax access to content within /var/www.
<Directory “/var/www”>
AllowOverride None
# Allow open access:
Require all granted
Further relax access to the default document root:
<Directory “/var/www/html”>
#
# Possible values for the Options directive are “None”, “All”,
# or any combination of:
# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
#
# Note that “MultiViews” must be named explicitly — “Options All”
# doesn’t give it to you.
#
# The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see
# core - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4
# for more information.
#
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
#
# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
#
AllowOverride All
#
# Controls who can get stuff from this server.
#
Require all granted
DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
is requested.
DirectoryIndex index.html
The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
viewed by Web clients.
<Files “.ht*”>
Require all denied
ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a
container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
logged here. If you do define an error logfile for a
container, that host’s errors will be logged there and not here.
ErrorLog “logs/error_log”
LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
alert, emerg.
LogLevel warn
#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive (see below).
#
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
<IfModule logio_module>
# You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
</IfModule>
#
# The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
# If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
# container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do*
# define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
# logged therein and *not* in this file.
#
#CustomLog "logs/access_log" common
#
# If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
# (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
#
CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
#
# Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to
# exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client
# will make a new request for the document at its new location.
# Example:
# Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar
#
# Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
# access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
# Example:
# Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
#
# If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
# require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely
# need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
# the filesystem path.
#
# ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.
# ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
# documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
# run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
# client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
# directives as to Alias.
#
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
“/var/www/cgi-bin” should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
<Directory “/var/www/cgi-bin”>
AllowOverride None
Options None
Require all granted
#
# TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
# filename extension to MIME-type.
#
TypesConfig /etc/mime.types
#
# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
# file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
#
#AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
#
# AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
#
#AddEncoding x-compress .Z
#AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
#
# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
#
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
#
# AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
# or added with the Action directive (see below)
#
# To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
#
#AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
# For type maps (negotiated resources):
#AddHandler type-map var
#
# Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
#
# To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
# (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
#
AddType text/html .shtml
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables
interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default. To use the
default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags
in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this
directive:
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
#
# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
# contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile
# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
#
MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 “The server made a boo boo.”
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 “/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl”
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,
memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver
files. This usually improves server performance, but must
be turned off when serving from networked-mounted
filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
broken on your system.
Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off
#EnableMMAP off
EnableSendfile on
Supplemental configuration
Load config files in the “/etc/httpd/conf.d” directory, if any.
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
[root@stapp02 data]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@stapp02 data]# exit
exit
[steve@stapp02 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to stapp02 closed.
thor@jump_host /$ scp -c /tmp/index.html [email protected]:/tmp
usage: scp [-12346BCpqrv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file]
[-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port] [-S program]
[[user@]host1:]file1 … [[user@]host2:]file2
thor@jump_host /$ sudo scp -c /tmp/index.html [email protected]:/tmp
We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:
#1) Respect the privacy of others.
#2) Think before you type.
#3) With great power comes great responsibility.
[sudo] password for thor:
usage: scp [-12346BCpqrv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file]
[-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port] [-S program]
[[user@]host1:]file1 … [[user@]host2:]file2
thor@jump_host /$ sudo scp -r /tmp/index.html [email protected]:/tmp
The authenticity of host ‘172.16.238.11 (172.16.238.11)’ can’t be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:SySamszyWhhLGFiybhGBqfrr8g55wS/3e37ZpBOvICs.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:6d:31:18:2a:f9:07:f3:29:dd:0a:d3:1f:6e:04:0a:db.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘172.16.238.11’ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]’s password:
index.html 100% 51 30.5KB/s 00:00
thor@jump_host /$ ssh steve@stapp02
steve@stapp02’s password:
Last login: Tue Aug 11 00:16:39 2020 from jump_host.linuxprotecteddirhttpd_app_net
[steve@stapp02 ~]$ sudo su
[sudo] password for steve:
[root@stapp02 steve]# mv /temp/index.html /var/www/html/itadmin/index.html
mv: cannot stat ‘/temp/index.html’: No such file or directory
[root@stapp02 steve]# mv /tmp/index.html /var/www/html/data/index.html
[root@stapp02 steve]# cat /var/www/html/data/index.html
This is xFusionCorp Industries Protected Directory![root@stapp02 steve]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@stapp02 steve]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-08-11 00:35:35 UTC; 11s ago
Docs: man:httpd(8)
man:apachectl(8)
Main PID: 301 (httpd)
Status: “Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec”
CGroup: /docker/a98065eca1b46af5dc126011cf39935ff71a14f70760f8ac1fee28fb35219e7b/system.slice/httpd.service
├─301 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─302 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─303 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─304 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─305 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─306 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
Aug 11 00:35:35 stapp02 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server…
Aug 11 00:35:35 stapp02 httpd[301]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server’s fully qualif…ssage
Aug 11 00:35:35 stapp02 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@stapp02 steve]# exit
exit
[steve@stapp02 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to stapp02 closed.
thor@jump_host /$ curl -u kirsty:ksH85UJjhb http://stapp02:8080/data/
500 Internal Server Error
Internal Server Error
The server encountered an internal error or
misconfiguration and was unable to complete
your request.
Please contact the server administrator at
root@localhost to inform them of the time this error occurred,
and the actions you performed just before this error.
More information about this error may be available
in the server error log.
thor@jump_host /$ sudo cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
[sudo] password for thor:
cat: /etc/httpd/logs/error_log: No such file or directory
thor@jump_host /$ ssh steve@stapp02
steve@stapp02's password:
Last login: Tue Aug 11 00:32:44 2020 from jump_host.linuxprotecteddirhttpd_app_net
[steve@stapp02 ~]$ sudo cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
[sudo] password for steve:
[Tue Jan 07 16:48:13.426245 2020] [suexec:notice] [pid 235] AH01232: suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Tue Jan 07 16:48:13.448647 2020] [lbmethod_heartbeat:notice] [pid 235] AH02282: No slotmem from mod_heartmonitor
[Tue Jan 07 16:48:13.477225 2020] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 235] AH00163: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/5.4.16 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Tue Jan 07 16:48:13.477269 2020] [core:notice] [pid 235] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[Tue Jan 07 17:01:19.920118 2020] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 235] AH00170: caught SIGWINCH, shutting down gracefully
[Tue Jan 07 17:01:21.039421 2020] [suexec:notice] [pid 302] AH01232: suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Tue Jan 07 17:01:21.057366 2020] [lbmethod_heartbeat:notice] [pid 302] AH02282: No slotmem from mod_heartmonitor
[Tue Jan 07 17:01:21.073887 2020] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 302] AH00163: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/5.4.16 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Tue Jan 07 17:01:21.073925 2020] [core:notice] [pid 302] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[Tue Jan 07 17:56:31.674688 2020] [suexec:notice] [pid 153] AH01232: suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Tue Jan 07 17:56:31.693602 2020] [lbmethod_heartbeat:notice] [pid 153] AH02282: No slotmem from mod_heartmonitor
[Tue Jan 07 17:56:31.709042 2020] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 153] AH00163: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/5.4.16 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Tue Jan 07 17:56:31.709086 2020] [core:notice] [pid 153] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[Tue Jan 07 18:12:16.894145 2020] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 153] AH00170: caught SIGWINCH, shutting down gracefully
[Tue Jan 07 18:12:18.017767 2020] [suexec:notice] [pid 385] AH01232: suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Tue Jan 07 18:12:18.035993 2020] [lbmethod_heartbeat:notice] [pid 385] AH02282: No slotmem from mod_heartmonitor
[Tue Jan 07 18:12:18.061043 2020] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 385] AH00163: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/7.2.26 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Tue Jan 07 18:12:18.061080 2020] [core:notice] [pid 385] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND'
sh: /usr/sbin/sendmail: No such file or directory
[Wed Jan 08 06:13:19.588078 2020] [suexec:notice] [pid 168] AH01232: suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Wed Jan 08 06:13:19.606738 2020] [lbmethod_heartbeat:notice] [pid 168] AH02282: No slotmem from mod_heartmonitor
[Wed Jan 08 06:13:19.651100 2020] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 168] AH00163: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/7.2.26 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Wed Jan 08 06:13:19.651164 2020] [core:notice] [pid 168] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[Wed Jan 08 06:14:32.865753 2020] [autoindex:error] [pid 170] [client 127.0.0.1:57770] AH01276: Cannot serve directory /var/www/html/: No matching DirectoryIndex (index.html,index.php) found, and server-generated directory index forbidden by Options directive
[Tue Aug 11 00:35:35.812666 2020] [suexec:notice] [pid 301] AH01232: suEXEC mechanism enabled (wrapper: /usr/sbin/suexec)
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.16.238.11. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
[Tue Aug 11 00:35:35.839492 2020] [lbmethod_heartbeat:notice] [pid 301] AH02282: No slotmem from mod_heartmonitor
[Tue Aug 11 00:35:35.906785 2020] [mpm_prefork:notice] [pid 301] AH00163: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS) PHP/7.2.26 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Tue Aug 11 00:35:35.906817 2020] [core:notice] [pid 301] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/httpd -D FOREGROUND'
[Tue Aug 11 00:37:21.039908 2020] [core:alert] [pid 304] [client 172.16.238.3:47358] /var/www/html/data/.htaccess: AuthName takes one argument, the authentication realm (e.g. "Members Only")
@ramashish.sharma here is the log of htpasswd
can you pls let me know why the curl command is failing?
iam getting internal server error.
